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Treatment of Intractable Disease with Ultrasound and Light-controlled Nanomedicine
Generally, chemotherapy is performed through administration of an anticancer drugs and irradiation. However, these treatments also affect normal cells as well as cancer cells, damaging the immune system in body. This is why photodynamic therapy or photothermal therapy, which can be treated only locally around cancer cells, is emerging as a new alternative for cancer therapy. Photodynamic therapy(PDT) is a treatment with photodynamic agents. The photosensitizer kills cancer cells with activated oxygen species that are activated by a laser of a specific wavelength. However, the photosensitizer remaining in the body was activated by visible light, resulting in the side effects to the normal tissues. Therefore, the patients who received the photodynamic therapy had to suffer the inconvenience of living in the dark room for a certain period of times. Photothermal therapy is a treatment using photothermal materials. The photothermal materials burns cancer cells by using heat generated by a near-infrared laser. This has attracted attention as a new treatment technique because of reduced side effects and suffering such as hair loss and so on. However, it has been difficult to utilize clinically photothermal materials because of the limitation of accurate delivery to the tumor sites. A research team led by Prof. Jae Hyung PARK has developed smart gold nanocapsules with excellent biocompatibility and tumor-targetability by applying gold to hyaluronic acid based nanoparticles. Particularly, hyaluronic acid on the surface of the capsules specifically binds to cancer cells, so that capsules in the body can actively find cancer cells. Furthermore, gold coated on the surface inhibits the indiscriminate activity of the photosensitizer caused by visible light in daily life when the nanocapsules releases heat and attacks cancer cells under laser irradiation. At this time, gold coated on the surface of the capsules is peeled off and the photosensitizer in the capsules selectively releases a large amount of reactive oxygen species to the tumor site to remove cancer cells. Prof. PARK said ¡°This new gold nanocapsules will be used effectively and safely for cancer treatment and we will try to develop it as a core technology that can be used in clinical application.¡± This research was published in the world¡¯s leading authoritative journal ACS Nano as of November 11th, with the title of ¡°GoldNanoclustered Hyaluronan Nano-Assemblies for Photothermally Maneuvered Photodynamic Tumor Ablation.¡±
- No. 19
- 2018-07-05
- 2441
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¡®HomeMate¡¯, a Home Assistant Robot Invited to the World Robots on Tour Event
Founded in 2003, the Intelligent Systems Research Institute (ISRI) led by Prof. Suk Han LEE, has been involved in stateof-the-art research in robotics, computer vision, artificial intelligence, interaction science, and micro/nano systems. In the past 10 years, ISRI has been carrying out a number of major, government and industry sponsored, research projects, including cognitive visual recognition and interaction for robotic service, high precision 3D imaging for industrial automation, visual SLAM for autonomous vehicle and space rover, high quality micro imaging for medical robotics, deep learning based 3D modeling and semantic understanding, electro-hydro-dynamic nano patterning for printed electronics, to list only several. ISRI has been active globally in terms of the collaborative research, dual degree and student exchange programs with such advanced institutes as Georgia Tech, Penn State, USC, Pascal Institute, as well as Padua University. ? ??? SCI ?? 60, ?? ?? 100, ?? 60? ???? ??. (??? ????: http://isri.skku.ac.kr/) ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??/????, ?? 2013? ??? ????? ?? ¡°Robots On Tour¡± ??? ??? ??? ? ??? ?? ¡°HomeMate¡± ? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? 3?? ???? ??? ????. HomeMate ????? ??????(91PORN) ????? ???(ISRI)?? ??? ? ??? ????. ?????? ???? ????(HRI)? ?? W-????? ?? ? ??? ???? w? ??? ??? will? ????, ??? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ????. ??? PLANETE ROBOTS Magazine issue 24 ? ??? HomeMate ?? ¡°UNE NOUVELLE GENERATION DE ROBOTS DE SERVICES¡± ????? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ????? KORUS Tech ????? ????? ? ??? ??? ??????(91PORN) ????? ???(ISRI) ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??, ????, ??? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ????. ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? 1?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ? ??? ???? ?? ?? 3?? ???? ???? ?????. W-?? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ? ? ??, ??? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ? ??. ?? ???? ???? ??? ??, ????, ???? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??. ???? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??(HRI)? ?? w-?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ? ?? . ???? w? ??? ??? will? ????, ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ? ?? ??? ???? ????? ????. ??? ??? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?? ? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?????. W-?? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???, ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??, ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??, ??? ????? ???? ???? ??. ????? ??? ?? ??? ???? 3?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ????. ??? ??? ?? ? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ? ??. ?? ???? ???, ??? ???? ??? ??? ? ??. ?? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??? ? ??. ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??? ? ??. ?? ???? ?? ???, ??? ??, ????, ?? ??, ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ? ??. ????? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???, ?????, ??? ? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ????. ??/??? 3?? ??? ??? Compact ???, ??? ?? ??? ?? 3?? ???? 3?? ??? ???? 3D Reconstruction? ????, ?? ??/?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ? ??. ????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ???, ?? KIST?? ??? ?? ???? ??.
- No. 18
- 2018-07-05
- 5245
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Evidence-based Intervention to Improve Quality of Life for Women with Breast Cancer
- Finding mechanism of cancer treatment induced altered appearance - Providing evidence-based supportive care for intervene altered appearance - Improving self-esteem and enhancing quality of life for women with breast cancer Dermatologic reactions are the most common side effect reported by cancer patients receiving standard adjuvant chemotherapy. A multidisciplinary research team including medical and surgical oncologists, dermatologists at Samsung Medical Center and 91PORN (Principle Investigator: Juhee CHO, Project manager: Danbee KANG) conducted a cohort study to evaluate objective changes in skin composition and associated patient-reported symptoms among breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. They found water content (-6.5%), sebum (-75.5%), and TEWL (-22.4%) significantly decreased during chemotherapy compared to pre-chemotherapy levels. These parameters did not return to baseline levels after 6 months of follow-ups. Most patients reported dryness (57.9%) and dullness (49.1%) after chemotherapy and patient-reported dryness was significantly associated with decreased sebum content. They also found permanent chemotherapy-induced alopecia, defined as absent or incomplete hair regrowth at ¡Ý6 months post-chemotherapy, was more than 30%. Prof. CHO received the Faculty Research Fund at 91PORN in 2013 for this study. Ms. Danbee KANG received the Best Presenter Award at Global Breast Cancer Conference 2013 and Albert M. KLIGMAN won Travel Fellowship Award from the Society of Investigative Dermatology in 2014. The results of their studies were published in Psycho-Oncology and Breast Cancer Research and Treatment in 2015 which are top-tier journals in the area. The research team are now conducting two clinical trials for improving skin conditions and permanent alopecia due to chemotherapy in breast cancer patients.
- No. 17
- 2018-07-05
- 2598
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"??? ??? ? ? ?? ????" : ????-???? ??? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??
- ?? ????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? - ??? ???? ? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??????, ????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?? ¡®??? ??? ??¡¯? ?? ??? ????? ? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??? ??????. ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??, ? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???(cultural world-view)? ??? ?? ?? ???. 1980??? ???? ???? ?????? ? ???? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??, ??, ??, ???? ? ??? ???? ? ???? ????? ????? ??? ????? ????. ? ??? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ? ??? ??? ???? ? ??? ?? ????. ??? ? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??(descriptive knowledge)? ???? ?? ???? ???, ???? ????(cultural convergence)?? ???? ?? ???? ???? ? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??(prescriptive knowledge)? ???? ?? ??? ??. ??? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ????-????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ????, ???? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??. ? ??? ???? ??? ?? ????? ???? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ????, ? ??? ?????? ?? ???? Group Processes and Intergroup Relations? ?????. ??? ?? ?????? ????-???? ??? ??? ???? ????, ¡®Áx¡¯ ?? ? ????, ?? ???? ??? ?? ?? ???? ???, ??? ??? ????, ?????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??. ??? ????Claremont Graduate School? Social Identity Lab? ???? ??? ??? ?? ????? ??? ????? ???? ¡®??? ???¡¯? ¡®??? ???¡¯? ????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??????, ? ??? ????? ?? ???? Political Psychology? ?????. ??? Massachusetts?? Peace Lab?? ????? ??? ????? ¡®??? ??¡¯(???)?? ????? ??? ¡®????¡¯(???)?? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ?3?? ?? ????? ?? ???? ????, ? ??? ?????? ?? ???? Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin? ?????.
- No. 16
- 2018-07-05
- 5953
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Discovery of Intercellular Targets of C9orf72 Repeat Expansion Frequently Found in ALS Disease
The most prevalent form of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) involves the expansion of the GGGGCC (G4C2) hexanucleotide repeat found in the first intron of a gene designated C9orf72 unaffected patients bear 15-30 copies of the G4C2 repeat sequence. Affected patients exhibit expansions to upwards of 1,000 or more of the repeats. Various concepts have emerged concerning the molecular basis of disease pathophysiology, including impediments to expression of the C9orf72 gene itself, expression of putatively toxic sense and anti-sense transcripts of the repeats, expression of putatively toxic repeat-associated, and non-ATG (RAN) translation products. Among the five poly-dipeptides encoded by sense and anti-sense transcripts of the expanded repeat (GA, GP, GR, PA and PR), two have emerged to display significant toxicity ¨C GR and PR. Recent studies have reported the ability of the GR and PR poly-dipeptides to impede nucleo: cytosolic transport, pre-mRNA splicing and rRNA biogenesis. Missing to date are comprehensive studies of the intracellular targets of GR and PR toxicity. Here, the research team has used a photocrosslinking approach in order to identify proteins bound by the PR poly-dipeptide. Observations outlined herein give evidence favoring interaction of PR with many RNA binding proteins containing low complexity sequences. They further report interaction of PR with the polypeptide constituents of intermediate filament proteins. Such studies indicate that PR toxicity results from widespread impediments to cell organization and function. Two complementary approaches were used in search of the intracellular targets of the toxic PR poly-dipeptide encoded by the repeat sequences expanded in the C9orf72 form of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The top categories of PR-bound proteins include constituents of non-membrane invested cellular organelles and intermediate filaments. PR targets are enriched for the inclusion of low complexity (LC) sequences. Evidence is presented indicating that LC sequences represent the direct target of PR binding and that interaction between the PR poly-dipeptide and LC domains is polymer-dependent. These studies indicate that PR-mediated toxicity may result from broad impediments to the dynamics of cell structure and information flow from gene to message to protein.
- No. 15
- 2018-07-05
- 2627
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Negative Differential Resistance Device for Multi-valued Logic
91PORN research team led by Prof. Jin Hong PARK successfully developed a technology for negative differential resistance devices and demonstrated a ternary inverter as a multi-valued logic application. Recently, negative differential resistance devices have attracted considerable attention due to their folded current¨Cvoltage characteristic which presents multiple threshold voltage values. Because of this remarkable property, studies associated with the negative differential resistance devices have been explored for realizing multi-valued logic applications. This study demonstrated a negative differential resistance device based on a phosphorene/rhenium disulfide (BP/ReS2) heterojunction that is formed by type-III broken-gap band alignment, showing high peak-to-valley current ratio values of 4.2 and 6.9 at room temperature, and 180 K respectively. Also, the carrier transport mechanism of the BP/ReS2 negative differential resistance device is investigated in detail by analyzing the tunneling and diffusion currents at various temperatures with the proposed analytic negative differential resistance device model. Furthermore, they demonstrated a ternary inverter as a multi-valued logic application. This research of a two-dimensional material heterojunction is a step forward towards future multi-valued logic device research. The result of the study was published in Nature Communication on Nov 7th with a thesis titled: ¡°Phosphorene/Rhenium Disulfide Heterojunction-based Negative Differential Resistance Device for Multi-Valued Logic.¡±
- No. 14
- 2018-07-05
- 2780
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Advanced Nanostructured Electrode for Lithium-ion Batteries
A research team at the Department of Chemistry (Prof. Ji Man KIM) successfully demonstrated a durable nanostructure of ordered mesoporous Tin-based intermetallic materials, enabling control of the volume changes during the chargedischarge process. Li-ion batteries (LIBs) are a key-enabling technology for addressing the power and energy demands of electric vehicles and stationary electrical storage for renewable energy as well as mobile electronics. Tin has been considered as an attractive anode for LIBs due to the appropriate working potential (0.5 V vs. Li/Li+) and high theoretical capacity (993 mAh g-1). However, structural deterioration originated from severe volume variation during the lithiation¨C delithiation process is one of the most well-known drawbacks which causes a failure of cycle stability. At the research, the team developed the preparation of highly ordered mesoporous CoSn intermetallic anodes which represent superior electrochemical performance, by combining the advantages of intermetallic framework and nanoporous structure. Furthermore, they unveiled the nanostructural changes during the battery operation by in operando SAXS investigation, so that they can provide more details on volume changes of the electrode materials. Most promising is that the presence of Co as an electrochemically inactive buffer element leads to the durable nanostructure upon prolonged cycling. These findings should give valuable guidance for designing innovative nanostructured materials. The details of the research can be found in the scientific journal Advanced Functional Materials under the title of ¡°Discovering Dual-Buffer Effects on Lithium Storage: Durable Nanostructure of Ordered Mesoporous Co-Sn Intermetallic Electrode.¡±
- No. 13
- 2018-07-05
- 2341
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Analysis of Atomic Structures and Electrical Characteristics of MoS2
A research team led by Prof. Young Hee LEE from the Institute for Basic Science successfully analyzed atomic structures and electrical characteristics of MoS 2 which are labeled as new materials for the next generation along with Graphene. Grain boundaries in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides have unique atomic defect structures and band dispersion relations that depend on the inter-domain misorientation angle. They explored misorientation angledependent electrical transport at grain boundaries in monolayer MoS 2 by correlating the atomic defect structures of measured devices analysed with transmission electron microscopy, and first-principles calculations. Transmission electron microscopy indicates that grain boundaries are primarily composed of 5¨C7 dislocation cores with periodicity and additional complex defects formed at high angles, obeying the classical low-angle theory. The inter-domain mobility is minimized for angles of 9¡ã and increases nonlinearly by two orders of magnitude before saturating at 16 cm 2 V -1 s -1 around misorientation angle of 20¡ã. This trend is explained via grain-boundary electrostatic barriers estimated from density functional calculations and experimental tunnelling barrier heights, which are 0.5 eV at low angles and 0.15 eV at high angles (¡Ý20¡ã). The results provide practical expectations regarding transport properties in large-area films, which are restricted largely by the poor mobility across low-angle grain boundaries. Also this work is applicable to other similar 2D systems and contribute to the fundamental understanding of transport in semiconductors. This research was published at Nature Communications, affiliated magazine with Nature. ???????? ???? ???? ??? ? ? ??????(?¡¤1?? 100??? 1m)? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???. ? ??? ???? ??? ??? ? ????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ???(?????)? ???. ?????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ? ??. ??? ???????? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???. ???? ???????????(HRTEM)? ??? ? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ????, ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ????. ? ?? ???????? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ????, ??? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????. ??? ??? 8? ??? ? ????? ?? ???, 8~20? ????? ??? ???? ????? ????. ????? ? 20? ????? ?? ?? ?? ????. ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ????? ? ?? ??? ???? ??? ? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??? ? ?? ??? ????. ? ??? ¡®???¡¯ ??? ¡®??? ???????¡¯ ? ???.
- No. 12
- 2018-07-05
- 3138
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A Memory Device Inspired by the Neuron Connections of the Human Brain
A new memory device inspired by the neuron connections of the human brain have been designed. The research, published in Nature Communications, highlights the device¡¯s highly reliable performance, long retention time, and endurance. Moreover, its stretchability and flexibility make it a promising tool for the next-generation soft electronics attached to clothes or the body. The brain is able to learn and memorize things to a huge number of connections between neurons. The information that a human memorizes is transmitted through synapses from one neuron to the next as an electro-chemical signal. Inspired by these connections, IBS scientists constructed a memory called two-terminal tunnelling random access memory (TRAM), where two electrodes referred to as drain and source, resemble the two communicating neurons of the synapse. TRAM is made up of a stack of one-atom-thick, or a few atom-thick 2D crystal layers: the semiconductor molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ) with two electrodes (drain and source), an tunneling insulator of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), and a floating gate of graphene layer. In simple terms, memory creates program (logical-0) and erases (logical-1) state by the charging and discharging the graphene floating gate through the h-BN tunneling barrier. By effective charge tunneling through crystalline h-BN layer and storing charges in graphene layer, TRAM demonstrates an ultimately low off-state current of 10 -14 A, leading to ultra high on/off ratio over 10 9 about ~10 3 times higher than other two-terminal memories. Furthermore, the absence of thick, rigid blocking oxides enables high stretchability (>19%) which is useful for soft electronics. This memory device could be useful for the next-generation nueromorphic systems, wearable, and body-attachable electronics in the near future.
- No. 11
- 2018-07-05
- 2435
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Production of Highly Efficient (20.4%) Perovskite Solar Cells
Perovskite solar cells, which are receiving a great deal of attention due to low cost and high efficiency, are regarded as a promising photovoltaic technology. Perovskite solar cells are easily produced by solution-process but these perovskite thin films are polycrystalline, and grain boundaries that form are thought to be responsible for causing recombination and the trapping of charge carriers. The research team led by Prof. Nam Gyu PARK successfully demonstrated the production of highly efficient and reproducible perovskite solar cells through a grain boundary healing process, resulting in a power conversion efficiency of 20.4% (published in Nature Energy in 2016). The team invented the world¡¯s first long term stable perovskite solar cells, which was published in the journal Scientific Reports (Nature Publishing Group) in August 2012. Prof. PARK¡¯s researches on high efficiency mesoscopic solar cells including perovskite solar cell and dye-sensitized solar cell have been cited 23,526 times, and he received H-index of 66 as of January, 2017 by gaining recognition for the research excellence. For more information, please visit homepage of Prof. PARK¡¯s Research Group at http://ecnl.skku.edu.
- No. 10
- 2018-07-05
- 3276
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A New Synthesis of Fabrication of Silver Nanowires Without the Use of Any Organic Stabilizers
Prof. Byung Kwon LIM and two doctorate level students, Hwan Su SIM and Shin Gyu BOK, successfully demonstrated a new synthesis of fabrication of Silver (Ag) Nanowires (NWs) without the use of any organic stabilizers. Ag NWs have attracted great interest owing to their high electrical conductivity, solution processability, and potential for applications in highly conductive transparent or stretchable electrodes. However, organic capping molecules for the production of Ag NWs introduce insulating layers around each nanowire, thus dramatically increasing contact resistance between them and reducing efficiency in electrode applications. A typical procedure for removing organic capping layers from the NWs surface involves many cycles of the precipitation and re-dispersion of NWs in a good solvent for capping molecules, which is tedious and time consuming. The research team resolved the problems by using a little amount of metal salt instead of an organic stabilizer. The heterogeneous nucleation and growth of Ag NWs initially formed AgCl particles, combined with oxidative etching of unwanted silver nanoparticles, resulted in the selective formation of long NWs with an average length of about 40 mm in the absence of a capping or stabilizing effect provided by surfaceadsorbing molecules. These organic-stabilizer-free Ag NWs were directly used for the fabrication of high-performance transparent or stretchable electrodes without a complicated process for the removal of capping molecules from the NW surface. This research was published in the journal Angewandte Chemie under the title of ¡°Organic-Stabilizer-Free Polyol Synthesis of Silver Nanowires for Electrode Applications.¡±
- No. 9
- 2018-07-05
- 2696
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pH-Responsive Biodegradable Polymeric Micelles for MR Imaging in Detection of Cerebral Ischemic Area
Cerebral ischemic area is considered to be an acidic pathological tissue due to the accumulation of lactic acid by the high rate of glycolysis. As a result, this acidic tissue environment provides an opportunity which has been applied for specific targeting diagnosis. Therefore, the design of pH-triggerable targeting imaging probes for the detection of cerebral ischemic area has attracted more attention for the prediction of stroke. A smart nanoparticle was constructed through self-assembly of Fe3O4 nanoparticles and pH-responsive mPEG-b-P(DPA-DE)LG copolymer, which could maintain the stabilized core-shell structure state at physiological pH, whereas Fe3O4 nanoparticles can be released in response to low pH environment. Moreover, this intelligent nanoparticle also showed biocompatibility, T2-weighted contrast-enhancement ability, low toxicity, and long-term stability. A rat bearing cerebral ischemia disease were used to evaluate the effectiveness of Fe3O4-loaded mPEG-b-P(DPA-DE)LG as acidic pH-triggerable targeting MRI probes. The in vivo MRI results confirmed that a gradual change in contrast in the cerebral ischemic area could be visualized by MRI after 1 hour, and maximal signal loss was detected after 24 h post-injection. Therefore, the team believed that Fe3O4-loaded mPEG-b-P(DPA-DE)LG with unique acid-triggered abilities may have more generalized applications in biomedical diagnostic due to their ability to target other acidic pathologic tissues. This research was published in the journal Nanoscale of Royal Society of Chemistry, UK.
- No. 8
- 2018-07-05
- 2490
